Those working in the field of psychiatry and mental health treatment across Canada and the United States came to Yorkton in 1964 and 1965 in large numbers to see for themselves how a new way of treating mental health patients was being implemented at the new Yorkton Psychiatric Centre.
The new facility was a radical departure from what had been standard mental health treatment facilities in Saskatchewan: large impersonal buildings at Weyburn and North Battleford that, from the outside, could easily be mistaken for jails.
The new Yorkton Psychiatric Centre came about in large part to a new way of thinking within the provincial government, and the work of an architect who went to some lengths to understand the mindset of patients with those issues.
The Regina-based architect Kiyoshi Izumi (photo, taken at the entrance to the Yorkton Psychiatric Centre) had experimented with LSD in the late 1950s, long before it became part of the lore surrounding Timothy Leary and the 1960s "turn on, tune in, drop out" counterculture. He used his LSD experience to try to replicate the mindset of the mentally-ill so he could design a facility that was not a frightening place for psychiatric patients.
His ideal design was not adopted by the provincial government for Yorkton -- it was felt too many practical obstacles stood in the way. But a version of it was built, and remains there west of the hospital on Bradbrooke Drive.
It was cutting edge. In fact, this year (2025), more than 60 years after it was built, it was one of three recipients of the Prix du XXe Siecle (Prize of the 20th Century) award, an honour bestowed by the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada and the National Trust for Canada to recognize "significant modern Canadian architecture from the 20th century".
Spaced Out in Saskatchewan: Modernism, Anti-Psychiatry, and Deinstitutionalization, 1950-1968 by Erika Dyck, published in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine (PDF)
Kiyoshi Izumi: Contributions to Rethinking Hospital Architecture and Design, by Erika Dyck, for a retrospective of the work of Izumi at the MacKenzie Art Gallery in Regina, September 2024 to January 2025.
Dr. Erika Dyck biography, University of Saskatchewan website
An Archeology of Madness, a 2004 video by 3rd Eye Media which explores the abandoned Weyburn Mental Hospital where the word psychedelic was coined. Travel through the long corridors and emotionally charged rooms as they uncover the hospital's history, myths and legends.
Wonder Drug: LSD in the Land of Living Skies, a book by Hugh Goldring based on the research of Erika Dyck.
Spring on the Prairie: Kiyoshi Izumi and the work of Izumi Arnott and Sugiyama, on the MacKenzie Art Gallery website about their exhibition in fall of 2024 and early January 2025.
Kiyoshi Izumi: Saskatchewan Nisei architect, a two-part article in Discover Nikkei, a website about Japanese emigrants worldwide. It is a project of the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles.
Peter Legebokoff at the Weyburn hospital, where he first worked as a psychiatric nurse.
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